在Android端如果OkHttp作为网络请求框架，由于其提供了自定义DNS服务接口，可以很优雅地结合HttpDns，相关实现可参考:。

在虚拟机层面提供了域名解析能力，通过调用InetAddress.getByName(String host)即可获取域名对应的IP。调用InetAddress.getByName(String host)时，InetAddress会首先检查本地是否保存有对应域名的ip缓存，如果有且未过期则直接返回；如果没有则调用系统DNS服务（Android的DNS也是采用NetBSD-derived resolver library来实现）获取相应域名的IP，并在写入本地缓存后返回该IP。

核心代码位于java.net.InetAddress.lookupHostByName(String host, int netId)

public class InetAddress implements Serializable {  ...      /**     * Resolves a hostname to its IP addresses using a cache.     *     * @param host the hostname to resolve.     * @param netId the network to perform resolution upon.     * @return the IP addresses of the host.     */    private static InetAddress[] lookupHostByName(String host, int netId)            throws UnknownHostException {        BlockGuard.getThreadPolicy().onNetwork();        // Do we have a result cached?        Object cachedResult = addressCache.get(host, netId);        if (cachedResult != null) {            if (cachedResult instanceof InetAddress[]) {                // A cached positive result.                return (InetAddress[]) cachedResult;            } else {                // A cached negative result.                throw new UnknownHostException((String) cachedResult);            }        }        try {            StructAddrinfo hints = new StructAddrinfo();            hints.ai_flags = AI_ADDRCONFIG;            hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;            // If we don't specify a socket type, every address will appear twice, once            // for SOCK_STREAM and one for SOCK_DGRAM. Since we do not return the family            // anyway, just pick one.            hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;            InetAddress[] addresses = Libcore.os.android_getaddrinfo(host, hints, netId);            // TODO: should getaddrinfo set the hostname of the InetAddresses it returns?            for (InetAddress address : addresses) {                address.hostName = host;            }            addressCache.put(host, netId, addresses);            return addresses;        } catch (GaiException gaiException) {          ...        }    }}

其中addressCache为InetAddress的本地缓存：

private static final AddressCache addressCache = new AddressCache();

结合InetAddress的解析策略，我们可以通过如下方法实现自定义DNS服务：

• 通过HttpDns SDK获取目标域名的ip
• 利用反射的方式获取到InetAddress.addressCache对象
• 利用反射方式调用addressCache.put()方法，域名和ip的对应关系写入InetAddress缓存

具体实现可参考以下代码：

public class CustomDns {    public static void writeSystemDnsCache(String hostName, String ip) {        try {            Class inetAddressClass = InetAddress.class;            Field field = inetAddressClass.getDeclaredField("addressCache");            field.setAccessible(true);            Object object = field.get(inetAddressClass);            Class cacheClass = object.getClass();            Method putMethod;            if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {                //put方法在api21及以上为put(String host, int netId, InetAddress[] address)                putMethod = cacheClass.getDeclaredMethod("put", String.class, int.class, InetAddress[].class);            } else {                //put方法在api20及以下为put(String host, InetAddress[] address)                putMethod = cacheClass.getDeclaredMethod("put", String.class, InetAddress[].class);            }            putMethod.setAccessible(true);            String[] ipStr = ip.split("\\.");            byte[] ipBuf = new byte[4];            for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {                ipBuf[i] = (byte) (Integer.parseInt(ipStr[i]) & 0xff);            }            if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT  >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {                putMethod.invoke(object, hostName, 0, new InetAddress[] {InetAddress.getByAddress(ipBuf)});            } else {                putMethod.invoke(object, hostName, new InetAddress[] {InetAddress.getByAddress(ipBuf)});            }        } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }}

和通用方案相比，使用该方法具有下列优势：

• 实现简单
• 通用性强，该方案在HTTPS,SNI以及设置Cookie等场景均适用。规避了证书校验，域名检查等环节
• 全局生效，InetAddress.addressCache为全局单例，该方案对所有使用InetAddress作为域名解析服务的请求全部生效

另外使用该方案请务必注意以下几点：

• AddressCache的默认TTL为2S，且默认最多可以保存16条缓存记录:

class AddressCache {   ...   /**    * When the cache contains more entries than this, we start dropping the oldest ones.    * This should be a power of two to avoid wasted space in our custom map.    */   private static final int MAX_ENTRIES = 16;   // The TTL for the Java-level cache is short, just 2s.   private static final long TTL_NANOS = 2 * 1000000000L;   }}

Android虚拟机下反射规则与JVM存在差异，无法直接修改final变量的值。所以使用该方法请务必注意IP过期时间及缓存数量。另外针对该问题可尝试另一种解决方案：重写AddressCache类，并通过ClassLoader优先加载，覆盖系统类。

• AddressCache.put方法在 API 21进行了改动，增加了netId参数，为保证兼容性需要针对不同版本区别处理。具体方案参考上文代码
• 该方式可以解决HTTPS，SNI以及设置cookie等场景，但不适用于WebView场景。Android Webview使用Chromium或Webkit作为内核(Android 4.4开始，Webview内核由Chromium替代Webkit)。上述两者均绕开InetAddress而直接使用系统DNS服务，所以该方案对此场景无效。